Romans 9:1-33, Israel’s Past Election

Bible Study with Dr. Thomas Constable

Romans 9:1-33 delves into the concept of God's election, particularly concerning the nation of Israel. Here's a summary of this section:
Paul begins by expressing his deep sorrow for the spiritual condition of his fellow Israelites. He wishes that he himself were accursed if it meant their salvation. He emphasizes the privileges that Israel had enjoyed as God's chosen people—the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the law, the worship, and the promises.
Paul then addresses the seeming paradox of God's promises to Israel and their current state. He explains that not all of Israel is truly Israel. In other words, being a descendant of Abraham does not automatically guarantee spiritual inheritance. Paul cites examples from Israel's history, like the selection of Isaac over Ishmael and Jacob over Esau, to show that God's choice is based on His sovereign will, not human merit.
The passage discusses God's mercy and hardening. Paul references the story of Pharaoh to illustrate that God's hardening of hearts serves His larger purposes, demonstrating His power and bringing about His glory. Paul emphasizes that God has the right to have mercy on whomever He chooses.
Paul acknowledges that the Gentiles, who were not originally God's people, have now obtained righteousness through faith, while Israel, who pursued righteousness through the law, did not attain it. He quotes from the Old Testament to illustrate that God had always planned for a remnant of Israel to be saved through faith.
The section concludes with Paul quoting the prophet Isaiah, who predicted that only a remnant of Israel would be saved, and that God's promise would not fail. Paul emphasizes that salvation is now available to both Jews and Gentiles through faith in Christ, the stumbling stone for Israel but the cornerstone for believers.
In summary, Romans 9:1-33 delves into the complex theological topic of God's election and His relationship with Israel. Paul illustrates that God's sovereign choice is not based solely on lineage or human effort, but on faith. He shows that God's plan includes the salvation of both Jews and Gentiles, highlighting His mercy and the role of faith in Christ as the cornerstone of salvation.